Kumpulan Contoh Soal Untuk Wawancara (AB-Initio/CPL-IR oral test)

1. Aircraft principal axes :
   - Longitudinal axis (ROLL) - Lateral axis (PITCH)
   - Normal axis (YAW)
   
2. Five major parts of the airplane :
   1. Fuselage
   2. Powerplant 3. Wings
   4. Empenage 5. Landing gear
   
3. The Fuselage component are : - Frame / Bulkhead
   - Former (Ring) - Longeron
   - Stringer
   - Skin
   - Floor
   
4. Basic six instrument, are :
   - Airspeed Indicator, Artificial horizon, Altimeter.
   - Turn and Bank Indicator, Heading Indicator (DGI), Vertical speed Indicator (VSI).
   
5. Pitot static and Gyroscopic Instruments : Pitot static :
   Airspeed Indicator (ASI), Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI), Altimeter Gyroscopic :
   Turn and Bank, Heading Indicator (DGI), Artificial Horizon (AH).
   
6. What is Chord line :
   Chord line is the straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an aerofoil.
   
7. What is Chamber line ?
   Chamber line ys a line joining the leading and trailing edges of an airfoil equidistant
   from the upper and lower surfaces.

8. WhatisCG?
   CG or Center Of Gravity is the point through which the total weight of aircraft will act. The airplane would balance if suspended from that point. Its distance from the reference datum. Determined by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the airplane.
   
9. WhatisCP?
   CP or Center Of Pressure is
   
10. What is P-factor ?
    P-factor is an aerodynamic effect that causes propellor-driven planes to yaw when they are flown at high power and low speed. The descending blade has a bigger angle of attack, than the ascending blade.
    
11. What is the different between angle of attact and angle of incident ?
    - Angle of Attact is the angle between the chord line of an aerofoil’s and the relative air flow.
    - Angle of Incidence is the angle between the aerofoil’s chord line and the aircraft’s longitudinal datum.
    
12. What is the rate of Climb / Descend ?
    Rate of Climb / Descent is the vertical component of the velocity of an aircraft and determines the time it will take either climb or descent from a given heigh. Normally expressed in times feet per minute.
    
13. Wash Out and Wash In :
    - Wash Out : Installation of the wing with angle of incidence at the wing root greater than at the wing tip. (To make the wing tip’s stalling speed lower than the root’s).
    - Wash In : Installation of the wing with angle of incidence at the wing tip greater than at the wing root.
    
14. The kinds of flaps, are :
    - Plain Flap - Slotted Flap - Split Flap
    - Fowler Flap
    

represented as single point acting on the wing chord

line at a right angle to the relative airflow, through which the wing’s lifting force is

produced.

15. Primary and Secondry flight control : Primary flight control :
    - Aileron
    - Elevator
    - Rudder
    Secondary flight control :
    - Wing flaps - Spoiler
    - Tab
    
16. 4 stroke for piston engine : 1 - Intake,
    2 - Compression, 3 - Power,
    4 - Exhaust.
    
17. Five major stresses to which all aircraft are subjected : - Tension
    - Compression - Torsion
    - Shear
    - Bending
    
18. Typical wing leading and trailing edge shapes, are : - Tapered leading edge, Straight trailing edge
    - Tapered leading and trailing edge
    - Straight leading edge, tapered trailing edge
    - Straight leading and trailing edge - Delta wing
    - Sweptback wing
    

18. The lift formula is :
    L = 1⁄2 ρ . Cl . V2 . S/A
    - ρ : Air density
    - Cl : Angle of attck
    - V : Speed
    - S/A : Wing span area
    
19. Time, Speed and Distance formula, are : Time = Distance : Speed
    Speed = Distance : Time
    Distance = Speed x Time
    

20. 3 Newton’s law’s, are :
    1. An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motions at constant speed and in a straight lne unless acted on by an unbalanced force. (F=0)
    2. The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of forceapplied. F = ma.
    3. Forces act in equal and opposing pairs (Every action has reaction)
    F action = -F reaction.
    
21. The lateral stability :
    
22. Dihedral and Anhedral, are : Dihedral is
    
23. Conversion of T emperature Formula, are : K = °C + 273
    °C = (°F – 32) x 5/9 °F = 9/5 °C + 32
    
24. The types of Drag :
    There are 2 types of drag :
    1. Parasit Drag. 2. Induced Drag.
    Parasit Drag is : The drag caused by factors other than the wing. There are : - Form drag.
    - Skin friction drag. - Interference drag. - Profile drag.
    Induced Drag is : The drag created by the vortices at the tip of an aircraft’s wing.
    

Lateral Stability isthe stability displayed around the longitudinal axis of the

airplane. Which extends form nose to tail. This helps to stabilize the lateral or

“rolling effect” when one wing gets lower than the wing on the opposite side of the

aircraft.

the wing on the fuselage slopes upwards.

Anhedral is the wings slope downwards on the fuselage.

25. The Stable and Unstable air, are :
    • Stable Air : Stable airmasses generally imply the absence of ’free’ vertical
    motion, and any ascent that does occur must be forced, i.e. frontal (dynamic or mass) or orographic (mechanical) ascent, and the cloud structure is essentially layered.
    • Unstable Air : Unstable airmasses imply free vertical motion (given an initial trigger action), and the cloud structure is ’heaped’ or cumuliform. If the vertical motion is vigorous and deep enough, and there is sufficient moisture, then heavy showers/thunderstorms are likely.
    
26. What is Pressure Altitude ?
    Pressure Altitude is Altitude indicated when set to 29.92InHg (1013.25mbs).
    
27. What is Density Altitude ?
    Density Altitude is Pressure Altitude corrected for non standard temperature.
    
28. What is True Altitude ?
    True Altitude is Actual height above MSL.
    
29. What is Absoluute Altitude ?
    Absolute Altitude is Actual height above ground (AGL).
    
30. 3 kinds of altimeter setting, are :
    - QFE (Quarry Field Elevation)
    - QNH (Quarry Nautical Heigth)
    - QNE (Quarry Nautical Elevation)
    
31. Different kinds of airspeed, are : - Indicated Airspeed
    - Calibrated Airspeed - Equivalent Airspeed - True Airspee
    - Ground speed
    
32. What is Calibrated airspeed ?
    Calibrated airspeed is IAS that corrected for Instrument and position error.
    
33. What is Equivalent Airspeed ?
    Equivalent Airspeed is CAS that corrected for adiabatic compressible flow for the particular altitude.
    
34. What is True Airspeed ?
    True Airspeed is EAS that corrected for density and temperature.
    
35. What is Ground Speed ?
    Ground speed is the horizontal speed of an aircraft relative to the ground. Caused by the influence of winds.
    

36. The High Speed Flight :
1. Subsonic = Less than speed of sound / Mach 0,7 or less
2. Transonic = Between Subsonic and Supersonic / Mach 0,7 – Mach 1,3 3. Supersonic = Greater than speed of sound but still below hypersonic (Mach1,3 – Mach 5,0)
4. Hypersonic = Above Mach 5,0

37. What are the different between VFR and IFR ? VFR :
    VMC, Visibility : Below 10.000ft = 5Km Above 10.000ft = 8Km
    Distance from Cloud : 1000ft above cloud 1000ft below cloud
    1500m horizontaly from cloud
    Fuel = Trip Fuel + Alternate +30min
    Altitude :
    001° - 090° = Odd in thousands feet (3000, 5000, 7000, 9000,-)
    091° - 180° = Odd in thousands + 500 feet (3500, 5500, 7500, 9500,-) 181° - 270° = Even in thousands feet ( 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000,-)
    271° - 360° = Even in thousands + 500 feet (2500, 4500, 6500, 8500,-)
    IFR :
    IMC, Visibility less than 5KM
    Fuel = Trip Fuel + Alternate + 45min
    Flight Level :
    001° - 180° = Odd in thousands feet (FL200, FL220, FL240, -) 181° - 360° = Even in thousands feet (FL210, FL230, FL250,-)
    
38. How many kinds of Pilot license ? License under CASR part 61 :
    1. Student Pilot License
    2. Sport Pilot License
    3. Private Pilot License
    4. Commercial Pilot License
    5. Airline Transport Pilot License
    
39. How many kinds of Aircraft category ratings ? Aircraft category ratings under CASR part 61 are : 1. Aeroplane
    2. Rotorcraft
    3. Glider
    4. Lighter-than-air
    

40. How many kinds of Aeroplane class ratings ? Aeroplane class ratings under CASR part 61 are : 1. Single Engine Land
    2. Multi Engine Land
    3. Single Engine Sea
    4. Multi Engine Sea
    
41. What are the transponder code for emergency, Comm fail and Hijack ? - Emergency : 7 7 0 0
    - Comm fail : 7 6 0 0
    - Hijack : 7 5 0 0
    
42. What is the emergency frequency ? Emergency frequency is 121.5
    
43. How many Kilometers of 1 Nautical mile (Nm) ? 1 Nm = 􏰊􏰋􏰌􏰍􏰎􏰏􏰐
    􏰊􏰎􏰏􏰐􏰎􏰑􏰎􏰒􏰋􏰍􏰓􏰎􏰔􏰐
    
44. The different between Metar and Tafor, are
    METAR/MET REPORT is : Current weather conditions or what is happening now at the airport. The reports are usually taken every hour unless changing conditions dictate a special report. Metars are broadcast on the ATIS along with other pertinent airfield info such as runways and approaches in use.
    TAF is : a forecast created every 6 hours or 12 hours for conditions expected during the following 24 hours at the airport.
    
45. What is Great circle ?
    Great circle is a circle on the surface of the earth that divides the earth into two
    equal parts.
    
46. What is Rhumb line ?
    Rhumb line is a regulrly curve line which cut all meridians at the same angle.
    
47. What is Coriolis force ?
    Coriolis force is an apparent force created by The earth’s rotation. - In the northern hemisphere, object deflect to the right.
    - In the southtern hemisphere, object deflect to the left.
    

48. What is Centripetal Force ?
    Centripetal force is a force applied perpendicular to the motion of an object over a period of time, causing the object to move in a curve path.
    
49. What is Prime Meridian ?
    Prime Meridian Zero Longitude pass through Greenwich (London) from pole to pole. Devide the earth to Eastern hemisphere and Western hemisphere.
    
50. What is Pressure Gradient Force ?
    Pressure Gradient Force is the force which results when there is a difference in pressure across a surface. In general, a pressure is a force per unit area, across a surface. The resulting force is always directed from the region of higher-pressure to the region of lower-pressure.
    
51. What is Isobar ?
    Isobar is line on a meteorologic chart that joins places of equal sea level pressure. Also called isopiestic.
    
52. What is a Front ?
    A front is a boundary between two different air masses.
    
53. What is Dewpoint ?
    Dewpoint is the temperature at which a parcel of air becomes saturated. (Also sometimes called Saturated temperature)
    
54. What is Humidity ?
    Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.
    
55. What is Mist and Fog ?
    Mist and Fog are simply parcels of low-level air in contact with the ground that have small suspended water droplets that have the effect of reducing visibility.
    In meteorology report Mist = BR , Fog = FG
    
56. What is Land and Sea breeze ?
    - Land breeze, wind blow from land to sea occurs at night. - Sea breeze, wind blow from sea to land occurs at day.
    
57. Composition of the air, are :
    - Nitrogen (N2) = 78%
    - Oksigen (O2) = 21%
    - Others = 1% (Argon/Ar, Neon/Ne, Helium/He, Kryptom/Kr, Ozone/O3, Xenon)
    

58. Mention the group of Cloud base on height at MSL !
    - Low level cloud (6500’ AGL/2000 meters) is : Stratus (St)
    - Middle level cloud (6500’ – 20000’ AGL/2000 – 6000 meters) is : Alto - High level cloud (above 20000’ AGL/6000 meters) is : Cirrus (Ci)
    
59. The Life cycle thunderstorm, are : 1. Developing/Growing stage
    2. Mature stage
    3. Dissipating stage
    
60. The Amound of Cloud, are :
    - SKC (Sky Clear) = 0/8 (0 Oktas)
    - FEW (Few) = 1/8 - 2/8 (1-2 Oktas)
    - SKT (Skatrered) = 3/8 – 4/8 (3-4 Oktas) - BKN (Broken) = 5/8 – 7/8 (5-7 Oktas)
    - OVC (Overcast) = 8/8 (8 Oktas)
    
61. What is Turbulence ?
    Turbulence is a movement that can’t be seen with the naked eye and can occur at any time without any predictable. Turbulence can occur because of some natural phenomena such as the jetstream, mountain waves, cold / warm form, and thunderstorm.
    
62. What is Windshear ?
    Windshear is change in wind direction and speed for more than few seconds. Change in headwind / tailwind, Change in lift.
    
63. What is Jetstream ?
    Jetstreams is simply narrow bands high-speed upper thermal winds at very high altitudes. And the wind greater than 60Knots. Jetstream typically are 1500 Nm long, 200 Nm wide, and 12.000 ft deep.
    
64. The Atmosphere :
    
    • 􏰎  Troposphere (up to 16Km / 10 mil above Earth’s surface)
      
    • 􏰎  Straosphere (16 to 50Km / 10 to 31 mil above Earth’s surface)
      
    • 􏰎  Mesosphere (50 to 80Km / 31 to 50 mil above Earth’s surface)
      
    • 􏰎  Thermosphere (80 to 640Km / 50 to 400 mil above Earth’s surface)
      
    • 􏰎  Exosphere (640 to 64,000Km / 400 to 40,000 mil above Earth’s surface)
      

65.
66.
67.

VOR, ILS and NDB range frequency : - VOR = From 108,0 to 117,95 MHz
- ILS = From 108,10 to 111,95 MHz
- NDB = From 190 – 535 KHz
The types of Marker Beacon and the range, are :
- Outer Marker (O.M) = 4 – 7 Nm , color : Blue
- Middle Marker (M.M) = 0.6 – 0.8 Nm , color : Amber
- Inner Marker (I.M) = <200 :="" color="" feet="" span="" white="">
ILS category for precision instrument approach and landing, are : - ILS Cat I :
DH = 200ft (61m)
RVR = 550m /2400ft Visibility min = 800m/1600ft
- ILS Cat II :
DH = <200>100ft (30m) RVR = 300m /1200ft Visibility min = Not Availible
- ILS Cat IIIa :
DH = < 100ft (30m) - >50ft RVR = 200m /660ft Visibility min = Not Availible
- ILS Cat IIIb :
DH = <50ft br=""> RVR = 75m /264ft
Visibility min = Not Availible
- ILS Cat IIIc :
DH = 0 (No DH)
RVR = No RVR
Visibility min = Not Availible
Airspeed during the pattern, are : 230 KTS At or Below 14,000 ft. 240 KTS up to 20,000 ft.
265 KTS up to 34,000 ft.
Mach 0.83 Above that.

68.
􏰎 􏰎 􏰎 􏰎

69. Instrument Approach Fix : - Initial approach fix (IAF)
    - Intermediate fix (IF)
    - Final approach fix (FAF)
    - Missed approach point (MAPt)
    
70. Approach Chart (General Layout), are :
    1. Heading ( comm., pre-app brief, MSA)
    2. Plan View (app plan view graphic)
    3. Profile View (profile view graphic, conversion tables, icons) 4. Minimums (landing minimums)
    
71. The different between Mora and grid mora, are :
    - The MORA provides reference point clearance within 10NM of the route centerline (regardless of the route width) and end fixes.
    - The GRID MORA provides reference point clearance within the section outlined by latitude and longitude lines.
    
72. The different between MSA (Minimum Sector Altitude) and Safe Altitude, are :
    

- The Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA) is the lowest altitude which may be used

which will provide a minimum clearance 1000 ft above all objects located in the

area contained within a sector of a circle of 25 NM radius centered on a radio aid

to navigation ,initial approach fix, or intermediate fix associated with the approach

procedure.

- Minimum Safe Altitude is a generic expression, used in various cases to denote

an altitude below which it is unsafe to fly owing to presence of terrain or obstacles.

Minimum altitudes are calculated in relation to the highest terrain or obstacle within

a specified area, allowing a buffer for error, and adding a specified margin.

73. The four segment in departure, are :
First segment : Gears up (speed V2, Thrust = Max. Tkof)
Second segment : Gears up to level up (speed V2, Thrust = Max. Tkof) Third segment : Level off Height ≥ 400ft to Flaps Up
Fourth gradient : Flaps Up - Climb to 1500ft (Thrust = Max. Cont.)

74. TORA, ASDA, LDA, and TODA, are :
    - TORA (Take-off Run Available): The length of runway declared available and
    suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off.
    - ASDA (Accelerate Stop Distance Available): The length of the takeoff run available plus the length of the stopway, where provided.
    - LDA (Landing Distance Available): The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.
    - TODA (Takeoff Distance Available): The length of the takeoff run available plus the length of the clearway, where provided. (Maximum clearway length allowed is 1 000 ft. and the clearway length allowed must lie within the aerodrome or airport boundary).
    
75. The ACN and PCN, are :
    ACN is the acronym for Aircraft Classification Number and PCN is the Pavement Classification Number.
    
76. The different between Density and Humidity, are :
    - Density is the mass per unit volume of Earth’s atmosphere. Air density decreases with increasing altitude. It also changes with variation in temperature or humidity.
    - Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Water vapor is the gaseous state of water and is invisible. Humidity indicates the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog.
    
77. What is RVSM ?
    RVSM is Reduce Vertical Separation Minima. Used for IFR flight above FL290 – FL410. From 2000-ft minimum to 1000-ft minimum. It allows aircraft to safely fly more optimum profiles, gain fuel savings and increase airspace capacity.
    
78. What are the definition about MOCA, MCA, and MEA ?
    - MOCA / Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude is The lowest published
    altitude between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route
    segments in navigational signal coverage only within 22 NM of a VOR.
    - MCA / Minimum safe Cruising Altitude is The lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher MEA.
    - MEA / Minimum safe Enroute Altitude is The lowest published altitude between
    radio-fixes that meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes and in many countries assures acceptable navigational signal coverage.
    

79. What is CAVOK ?
    CAVOK is abbreviation of Ceiling and Visibility OK. That is means no low cloud below 5000ft AGL and Visibility more than 10Km. No precipitation, thunderstorm, shallow fog, low drifting snow or dust devils.
    
80. What is VDP ?
    VDP or Visual Descent Point is a defined point on a straight-in, non-precision approach from which the pilot can descend below the MDA, as long as the pilot has the required visual reference. If a VDP is available, it will be indicated by a "v" on the profile view portion of the instrument approach procedure chart. Do not descend below MDA before reaching the VDP.
    
81. What is the function of winglet ?
    A winglet is a device on the wing of an aircraft which is designed to increase the operating efficiency of the aircraft.
    
82. What is stall ?
    STALL 􏰕s a reduction in the lift coefficient generated by a foil as angle of attack increases.
    
83. The different between PAPI and VASI ?
    - The Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) uses light units similar to the VASI but are installed in a single row of either two or four light units. These systems have an effective visual range of about 5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles at night. The row of light units is normally installed on the left side of the runway and the glide path indications are as depicted.
    - The Visual Approach Slope Indicator VASI is a system of lights so arranged to provide visual descent guidance information during the approach to a runway. These lights are visible from 3-5 miles during the day and up to 20 miles or more at night. The visual glide path of the VASI provides safe obstruction clearance within plus or minus 10 degrees of the extended runway centerline and to 4 NM from the runway threshold. Descent, using the VASI, should not be initiated until the aircraft is visually aligned with the runway. Lateral course guidance is provided by the runway or runway lights.
    
84. What is Bernoulli’s principle ?
    Bernoulli’s principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid’s potential energy.
    

85. What is an Aerofoil ?
    An Aerofoil is a body that gives a large lift force compared with its drag when set at a small angle to a moving airstream, e.g., aircraft wings, tailplanes, rudders, and propellers.
    
86. What is Lateral and Longitudinal Stability ?
    - Lateral Stability is the tendency for an aircraft to return to a laterally level position around the longitudinal axis on release of the ailerons in a sideslip.
    - Longitudinal Stability is an aircraft’s natural ability to return to a stable pitch position around its lateral axis after a disturbance.
    
87. What is Gyroscope ?
    A Gyroscope is a body (rotor/wheel) rotating freely in one or more directions that possesses the gyroscopic properties of rigidity and precession.
    
88. At what cabin altitude should pilot and passenger go on oxygen ? Pilot at 10.000ft and Passenger at 14.000ft.
    
89. WhatareVxandVy?
    Vx or best angle climb is the steepest angle or higest gradient of climb used to clear close-in obstacles over the shortest horizontal distance.
    Vy or best rate climb is highest vertical speed that gains height in the shortest time.
    
90. What is the different between DH or DA, and MDA or MDH ?
    - Decision altitude (DA) or decision height (DH). A specified altitude or height in the precision approach or approach with vertical guidance at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.
    - Minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH) means the lowest altitude, expressed in feet above mean sea level, to which descent is authorized on final approach or during circle to land maneuvering in execution of a standard instrument approach procedure, where no electronic glide slope is provided